Curated theme: Metaphorical parallels between biology and linguistics
This page is curated specifically to tie together pages which explore the metaphorical parallels between biology and linguistics.
Language Ecologies
Ecolinguistics
Language Sustainability
Linguistics and sustainability
Academic Linguistic Practices and the Environment
Academic models and approaches to language revitalisation
Language Endangerment
Language documentation and description
Suggested readings:
Einar Haugen (1906-1994)
Haugen, E. I., & Chapman, K. G. (1982). Spoken Norwegian (3rd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Haugen, E. I. (1953). The Norwegian language in America : a study in bilingual behavior. Vol. 1, The bilingual community. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Haugen, E. I. (1953). The Norwegian language in America : a study in bilingual behavior. 2, The American dialects of Norwegian. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Haugen, E. I. (1966). Language conflict and language planning : the case of modern Norwegian. Harvard University Press.
Haugen, E. I., & Dil, A. S. (1972). The ecology of language : essays. Stanford University Press.
Haugen, E. (1987). Blessings of Babel : bilingualism and language planning : problems and pleasures. M. de Gruyter.
Others
Sapir, E. (1912). Language and Environment. American Anthropologist, 14(2), 226–242. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1912.14.2.02a00020
Halliday, M. A. K. (Michael A. K., & Webster, J. (2003). On language and linguistics. Continuum.